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Succulent growing guide
Succulent seed is tiny and sown on the surface of a fine, gritty compost kept warm and humid. Most kinds sprout in one to two weeks, then grow slowly for their first year.
This guide covers mixed succulent seed: leaf and stem succulents such as the rosette-forming kinds sold in mixes, and small cacti if included. Many seeds are dust-fine. Tip them onto a folded paper and tap them out evenly. If you can, sterilise the compost first: about an hour in the oven or three to four minutes in a microwave.
Not needed for typical succulent mixes.
Not needed for most succulents, which come from warm climates.
Not needed. Dust-fine seed cannot be handled once wet; water the compost before sowing instead.
Keep the compost at about 21-29 °C (70-85 °F), ideally 24 °C (75 °F); outside this range germination is delayed. A drop to about 15 °C (59 °F) at night is fine. In India sow from late winter to spring, or in the cooler post-monsoon months; avoid the monsoon itself, when humidity makes seedlings rot.
Sprinkle seed on the surface. Large, flat seeds can be pushed in on edge. Cover with fine grit or coarse sand no deeper than the seed is thick, or sow onto a grit layer and wash the seed down between the stones with a fine spray.
Fine seed compost, sieved if coarse, mixed with about a third fine grit, coarse sand or perlite. Do not use sand alone: it dries too fast and tiny seed slips between the grains. Aim for about pH 6.
Stand the pot in water to half its depth until the surface darkens, then drain. Put pots in a clear bag or propagator so they never dry out or stay soggy.
Bright light but no direct sun, which scorches seedlings. A grow light works well.
Usually 3-14 days with steady moisture. Germination is often sporadic, so keep the pot going for several weeks.
Once most seedlings are up and growing, open the bag or propagator vents a little more each day. Water in the morning so the surface dries before night.
Leave seedlings together until they crowd each other: in the same year for fast growers, the next year for slow ones. Some can be moved at three to four months. Lift the compost in one piece, tease roots apart and pot them into gritty compost.
Growth is slow: many reach only pea size in six to twelve months, then speed up. A weak, balanced liquid feed helps seedlings develop faster.
Once established, water thoroughly and let the compost dry before the next watering. The legacy advice holds: roughly every one to two weeks in the growing season and much less in the cool or dormant season.
Give young plants bright light and get them used to direct sun gradually; sudden full sun scorches them.
For grown plants a free-draining succulent mix works, such as equal parts sand, perlite and soil, as the legacy guide suggests.
Repot every two to three years in spring when plants fill the pot.
Raise your own collection of succulents from seed on a bright, warm windowsill.
Barely. Sow on the surface and add at most a thin layer of fine grit, no deeper than the seed is thick.
Most sprout in 3-14 days at about 24 °C (75 °F) if the compost stays moist, but some keep coming for weeks.
Usually too much water with too little air. Water from below in the morning, use a gritty top dressing and ventilate once seedlings are growing.
